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Why Is the Menstruation Cycle Painful?

Mild cramping, irritability and bloating are to be expected during menstruation. But severe symptoms like heavy bleeding, crippling cramps and serious fatigue can significantly affect your life. When your periods are causing you unbearable pain, it is best to consult a doctor. Such menstrual pain could be a sign of a serious medical problem.
To relieve discomforting menstrual cramps, you can keep a heat pad on the lower abdomen or back, and consider doing some simple exercises during the day. Also, keep your diet healthy at this time of the month. Here are some things you should know about these cramps.

Painful Cramps: Dysmenorrhea

The painful sensations that you feel in your lower abdomen before or during menstruation are known as Dysmenorrhea or simply menstrual cramps. The pain could vary from dull and annoying to extreme and severe. This pain is felt when the egg is released from the ovaries and makes its way down the fallopian tube, a process that is called ovulation.

Understanding the Cause

During one’s periods, in case no conception takes place, the uterus contracts and expels its lining that had been thickened to receive a fertilized egg. This process is driven by the release of hormone-like substances called prostaglandins, which can cause pain and inflammation. Uterine contractions to shed the lining are also a key reason for pain because the contractions inhibit blood flow to the lining of the uterus. Additionally, levels of leukotrienes are also elevated during this time, which is also believed to lead to cramps. Women facing stress tend to experience greater menstrual cramps, which can be highly uncomfortable.
A woman can also experience symptoms such as dullness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, diarrhea, headaches and bloating in the abdomen, along with the cramps during her periods.

Categories of Menstrual Pain

Painful periods fall into two groups, which completely depends on the cause of the pain.
1.      Primary Dysmenorrhea: Also known as common menstrual cramps, this period pain is felt in the abdomen or back during menstruation. It could be mild or severe. The good thing is that as a woman ages, it usually becomes less painful and once she has her first baby, it may stop entirely.
2.      Secondary Dysmenorrhea: In case there is any disorder in the woman’s reproductive organs, such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, uterine fibroids or infection, she might experience pain. These cramps last longer that the common menstrual cramps. Consulting a gynaecologist would be the best course of action in this case.
Also, there is no single solution that is perfect for all women. You should try different things, such as heat fomentation, pain killers, mild exercises, etc., to see what works for you.
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