Menstruation is a sign of good reproductive health in
women. It involves the shedding of the uterine lining, following the lack of
fertilization of the egg or ovum. The uterus prepares itself for pregnancy, to
receive the fertilized embryo and hold it there till the foetus matures. When
this fertilization does not occur, the uterus sheds this extra lining in the
form of menstrual blood.
Many hormonal
changes take place in women during those days. The menstrual cycle is nothing
but a fluctuation in female sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, produced
by the pituitary glands in the brain. On day one of menstruation, the level of these hormones is low. These
hormonal changes also lead to many bodily changes as well, such as acne,
constipation, bloating and listlessness. Let’s take a look how these hormones can
affect women during the periods.
Oily Skin and Acne
The woman’s skin could
get oily and even breakout into pimples before or during periods. Periods are basically
caused by the surge of oestrogen and
progesterone. Whenever the menstrual cycle is about to begin, testosterone
levels also rise, thereby producing more sebum or oil in the skin. This happens
nearly 10 days before the onset of the cycle, but the good news is that it
subsides as soon as the bleeding begins.
Bloating
Bloating during menstruation
should not be a cause for concern, since it is very common during multiple
stages of a women’s cycle. Bloating in the pre-menstrual stage occurs due to
fluid retention, which makes the woman feel full or swollen, especially around
her waist area. It is an annoying and uncomfortable situation for most women.
During the cycle, women might actually gain weight because of fluid retention.
Fluid retention is also caused by the fluctuation in oestrogen and
progesterone.
Constipation
It is found that
even the healthiest women experience irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) during their
periods. The symptoms could be extreme and some women might experience
significant pain or sometimes bloody stools. In that case, it is important to
consult one’s physician for treatment. During menstruation, women should ensure
a healthy diet and drink lots of water to ease their digestive system.
Listlessness
Listlessness or
lack of interest in anything is a major change that you’ll see in menstruating
women. She is often sluggish and fatigued. The plunge in the hormone oestrogen
is found to make you feel lethargic. However, women can feel tired if they are suffering
from iron-deficiency or anaemia, especially during days when she has heavy bleeding.
It is not a troublesome situation, since the energy level will return once the
oestrogen level starts increasing again.
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